用遮帘桩型式改造三峡库区大件设备运输码头

三峡库区大件运输具有临时性、短期性的特点,大件码头的建设大都采用老码头加固改造的方式.通过对三峡库区现有码头结构特点和库区水文条件的分析,提出用遮帘桩型式的改造方案,并对改造方案的结构稳定性进行了计算分析.遮帘桩型式改造三峡库区大件运输码头,结构稳定性能够满足要求,同时结构对航道的通航能力不产生影响,是一种可以应用到三峡库区及其他山区河流水库大件运输码头改造的方案.     

A closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

This paper presents a closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs) with active trailer steering (ATS) systems. AHVs have poor manoeuvrability at low speeds and exhibit low lateral stability at high speeds. From the design point of view, there exists a trade-off relationship between AHVs’ manoeuvrability and stability. For example, fewer articulation points and longer wheelbases will improve high-speed lateral stability, but they will degrade low-speed manoeuvrability. To tackle this conflicting design problem, a systematic method is proposed for the design of AHVs with ATS systems. In order to evaluate vehicle performance measures under a well-defined testing manoeuvre, a driver model is introduced and it ‘drivers’ the vehicle model to follow a prescribed route at a given speed. Considering the interactions between the mechanical trailer and the ATS system, the proposed design method simultaneously optimises the active design variables of the controllers and passive design variables of the trailer in a single design loop (SDL). Through the design optimisation of an ATS system for an AHV with a truck and a drawbar trailer combination, this SDL method is compared against a published two design loop method. The benchmark investigation shows that the former can determine better trade-off design solutions than those derived by the latter. This SDL method provides an effective approach to automatically implement the design synthesis of AHVs with ATS systems.     

重载货车的发展对空重车调整装置的影响

分析了重载货车因空重比的改变而加装空重车调整装置,以降低空车制动缸压力的必要性,同时分析了低制动缸压力对制动效率、制动缸活塞行程等的影响,认为纯制动率是影响制动效率的主要因素。     

重型卡车驾驶室造型趋势研究

本文从整体造型风格、造型轿车化以及信息化、智能化对造型的影响等方面探讨了当代重型卡车车身造型设计的发展趋势。     

重载铁路轮轨磨损原因探讨

根据轮轨接触理论，分析了不同轮轨接触几何匹配关系下的轮轨接触应力情况，指出轮轨接触应力、轮轨接触几何关系、轴重是影响重载铁路轮轨磨损的主要因素，从重载运输装备方面提出了减少轮轨磨损的几点建议。     

铁路重载货车车钩裂纹故障探讨

对16型、17型车钩钩体、钩舌在开行2万t重载列车后出现的裂纹增多现象进行了调研，从设计、制造工艺、运用工况变化等方面对故障原因进行了分析，从产品结构、制造工艺等方面提出了改进措施。实际运用证明改进措施成功可行。     

重载铁路牵引供电方案与接触网载流能力的分析

针对重载铁路以及交流传动机车的特点,对新建重载铁路牵引供电方案与接触网载流能力的关系进行了细致的分析,逐步深入的介绍了重载铁路牵引供电方案设计的几个关键步骤,以及详细的计算方法,并提出了设计中应注意的问题。     

Coupler jackknifing and derailments of locomotives on tangent track

A number of derailments occurred in recent years due to coupler jackknifing, some of them were reported on tangent tracks where conventionally thought to be the safer sections. This article studied coupler jackknifing behaviour and its implications for locomotive safety on tangent tracks from the experience of China heavy haul. Three types of coupler systems were modelled and simulated regarding coupler jackknifing behaviour. Two typical locomotive derailments occurred on tangent tracks were analysed. From the derailment experience, coupler angle self-lock behaviour was introduced and simulated. An approach to determine coupler angles in the jackknifed position was derived and validated with a self-coded program and SIMPACK. Methods to prevent coupler jackknifing were also evaluated with regard to locomotive stability.     

上海长江大桥主桥钢桥面铺装维修方案对比分析

上海长江大桥自2009年建成通车至今已逾12a,期间受重载交通、江面气候潮湿等影响,该桥的主桥钢桥面铺装曾出现过一定程度的病害,因此分别进行了两次规模较大的维修工程.基于铺装病害状况、维修方案及方案实施效果,对两次维修的技术方案进行了对比分析.分析结果表明,在国内重载交通日益严重的现状下,选择钢桥面铺装材料和结构体系时应重点考虑其对重载交通的适应性,同时应提高层间及铺装与钢板间的黏结体系质量,以确保钢桥面铺装体系的长期服役性能,减少各类病害和后续的日常维修.     

苏丹某油田预脱水站处理工艺分析

苏丹某油田是稠油为主力区块的油田，油品密度大、含蜡高、倾点高。站内脱水工艺为两级分离，两级换热的三相分离器热化学分离。投产后由于产量增加，原油含水率上升，运行参数发生了变化。文中通过对站内工艺流程和原油物性的分析，提出了调整流程的建议。